There is no national language or alphabet a dozen languages and scripts appear on the ten-rupee currency note. At the lower end of the social scale are other Indians in rags, almost naked but for a small loincloth.
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Richer Indians may be dressed in full European style, or in costumes that show Muslim influence, or in flowing and costly robes of many different colourful Indian types. Costume, speech, the physical appearance of the people, customs, standards of living, food, climate, geographical features all offer the greatest possible differences. The endless variety is striking, often incongruous. The Indian Scene A DISPASSIONATE observer who looks at India with detachment and penetration would be struck by two mutually contradictory features: diversity and unity at the same time. House 803, Poona 4, India, July 31, 1964.ĬHAPTER ONE The Historical Perspective 1.1. To those friends and pupils who have shown faith in my methods and supported them with heart warming enthusiasm, I owe more than can be expressed in a few lines.
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Any claim this book may have to originality rests on fieldwork done as a free agent. Semyon Tyulaev for tracing and photographing illustrative material in the USSR. Sunil Janah was kind enough to permit the inclusion of a few of his brilliant photographs of Indian tribal and rural life, My thanks are due also to Miss Margaret Hall for her painstaking revision of maps and drawings and to Mr. Basham, my gratitude is also due for initiative in finding an English publisher. John Irwin for special advice in making the book fit its avowed purpose, in choice of illustrations, and in seeing the work through the press. That, at any rate, is what this book attempts to do, with the minimum of scholarly display. It seems to me that some something more might be achieved in the way of charting the main currents of Indian history, notwithstanding the lack of the kind of source material which, in other countries, would be considered essential by the historian. Discussion eddies around obscure dates and deservedly obscure biographies of kings and prophets. Much that has been talked about India's glorious past, unhampered by fact or common sense, is even more free than Indian elections. Some have now begun to suspect that this may not suffice, that all history may terminate abruptly with the atomic age unless a bit more is done soon. In a free parliamentary democracy every citizen is supposed to feel that he, personally is making history when he elects representatives to do the talking and to tax him for the privilege. Preface IT is doubtless more important to change history than to write it, just as it would be better to do something about the weather rather than merely talk about it. Asoka and the Culmination of the Magadhan Empire 7. STATE AND RELIGION IN GREATER MAGADHAĦ.1. Special Features of the Indus Civilisation 3.4. Primitive Survivals in the Superstructure 3.
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Primitive Survivals in the Means of Production 2.5. The Need to Study Rural and Tribal Society 1.5. The Difficulties Facing the Historian 1.4. The Culture and Civilisation of Ancient India in Historical Outline D.